The Info Treasure Trove

I often hear leaders from all types of organizations ask questions about hiring the right person. Their questions usually sound like these:

• What if their resume looks great but they have a bad attitude?

• What if they put on a good act and then don’t work hard?

• How can I tell how they will perform after I hire them?

A great way to answer these questions starts with a well-defined interview process. I have heard the procedure called many things. I first learned it as the Behavioral Event interview process. The guiding thought behind this system is that “while it is no guarantee of success, past performance is the best indicator of future performance.”

Here is the main idea — develop an interview system that forces the candidate to tell you, in direct and specific terms, how they have worked in the past. You want the candidate to do more than recount where they have worked and what experience they have. You can read their resume to get that information. You want the candidate to tell you: how they think, how they work, and how they relate to other people.

Actual implementation can get a little involved, but the basic process goes like this:

1) Identify the key skills (attributes, attitudes, etc) for success in your organization. In a big company, you might develop the list by interviewing successful people in the organization. In a smaller company, you could brainstorm with the owner(s) about what they want to see in an employee.

2) Rank the competencies to separate the “must-have” traits from the “would be nice” traits. Write your list in the form of a checklist for use during interviews.

3) Develop a series of questions that get people to tell you specifics about their experience. The best series start with broad, open-ended questions and lead to follow-up with questions that dig for specifics.

For example, the series could go like this:

Start with an open-ended question like “Tell me about a time in your high school (college, internship, last job, etc.) when you had to convince another student (co-worker, etc.) to help you?” or “Tell me about a time from your last job (internship, college, etc.) that you had to make a sudden change in plans?” Let them pick the scenario; you probe for specifics.

When they give you the scenario, begin the process of “peeling the onion.” Ask follow-up questions like “When that happened, what was the first thing you did?” Then, “Who did you talk to to make the change happen?” Maybe you could follow that with,”Did they react positively or negatively to your request, and how did you respond to them?”

The idea is to get the candidate talking about how they handled a specific situation (their feelings, actions, and responses). By addressing a specific situation rather than a hypothetical scenario, you get a good feel for how they might handle a similar situation in the future.

4) As the candidate responds, look for evidence of the core competencies you identified in step 1. Use your checklist to keep track of your observations.

5) Train several people to conduct this type of interview. Always have more than one person involved in the process. I suggest having several people interview the candidate. Each interviewer should ask about a different part of the person’s life and work experience (school, work, volunteer work, etc).

6) After the interview process, get each interviewer together to compare notes and observations. If the candidate demonstrates the key skills you are seeking across several areas of their life, they are likely to bring those skills into your business. Now you have a good basis for deciding whether this person fits you and your organization.

I have been through this type of interview on both sides of the table. I find that it works very well and creates a win-win scenario for both parties. For the qualified candidate, the process feels good because there are no “trick” questions. For the interviewer, it gives you concrete information that you can use to make an informed decision about the candidate’s fit in your organization. Only the unqualified candidate loses. For them, the process is uncomfortable. They must give specifics; there is little room for “shading the truth” to get the job.

You may use this article for electronic distribution if you will include all contact information with live links back to the author. Notification of use is not required, but I would appreciate it. Please contact the author prior to use in printed media.

Copyright 2005, Guy Harris

Guy Harris is a Recovering Engineer. He works as a Relationship Repairman and People-Process Integrator. His background includes service as a US Navy Submarine Officer, functional management with major multi-national corporations, and senior management in an international chemical business. As the owner of Principle Driven Consulting, he helps entrepreneurs, business managers, and other organizational leaders improve team performance by applying the principles of human behavior.

Guy co-authored “The Behavior Bucks System(tm)” to help parents reduce stress and conflict with their children by effectively applying behavioral principles in the home. Learn more about this book at http://www.behaviorbucks.com

Learn more about Guy at http://www.principledriven.com

When you have acne, you may want to blast your skin with the strongest thing possible to get rid of it. However, many strong acne creams may cause your skin to dry which will make it more irritated, red, inflamed and possibly cause future breakouts. Instead of a super strong cream, you could try some easy and cost effective home remedies.

Rose water mixed with fresh lemon juice can be applied directly to your skin. You can leave it there for a half hour and wash it off with clear water. The lemon will dry your skin out a little bit. You can try dabbing toothpaste on your problem areas before you go to bed. When you wake up your skin may be dramatically improved. You can squeeze the juice out of mint leaves and apply to your face to reduce puffiness and swelling. Make a scrub with a little vinegar and salt, rub around and let dry on your face. Lastly, cucumber is great to use as a moisturizer. The other suggestions dry your skin, but making a paste of cucumber will add nutrients. Try all these types of things before you attack your face with strong acne creams.

Q: I started my business about a year ago and everything is going fine. We’re growing and making a profit, but the stress of running the business is really starting to get to me. I spend more time worrying than working. Sometimes the pressure is almost more than I can take. I’m starting to think that I’m not cut out to run my own business. Do you have any advice that might help me decide what to do?
– Steven S.

A: I’m full of advice, Steven, and it’s totally free. Just remember, you get what you pay for and I can’t be held legally or morally responsible if my advice somehow lands you behind the counter at McDonalds. I’m not Dr. Phil, for petesake. I’m shorter and have more hair and less money.

Seriously, the first thing you need to do is take a few deep breaths and take comfort in the fact that you are not the first entrepreneur to feel the weight of the business world on your shoulders. Every business person, including yours truly, has felt the way you do at one time or another. For some, it’s a feeling that occurs daily, especially when things aren’t going as well as we’d like them to. And don’t think the stress will magically disappear if your business takes off. I know people who run multimillion dollar corporations and they will tell you that the stress level goes up in proportion to the size of the business. These same people will also tell you they love what they do and would never consider doing anything else.

The difference between these entrepreneurs and you, Steven, is that they have been in business longer and have learned to not only handle stress, but to take stress and transform it into a driving force. They feed off the stress. It fuels their creativity and innovation. Stress challenges them, it makes them think, makes them better entrepreneurs.

I think the real question isn’t whether or not you have what it takes to run a business. The real question is do you have what it takes to handle the stress of running a business. These are two very different questions and the answers depend totally on you.

Even on the best of days running a business can be incredibly stressful, not to mention overwhelming and exhausting. It’s only natural that there will be times when you wonder if it’s really worth it. Asking yourself the “should I just get a real job” question simply means that your human side is showing. And as a human you have a limited tolerance for things you can not control. And that’s really where the stress of being an entrepreneur comes from. We worry about things we can’t control. Things like finding new customers, paying the bills, making payroll, and a thousand other things. Sure, we can put forth our best efforts to make these things turn out in our favor, but we really can’t control the outcome.

So we worry. And worry breeds stress and stress breeds doubt and doubt breeds the feeling that an 800 pound gorilla is using your chest for a lawn chair. It’s only natural that you being to wonder, “Is this what I really want to do? Do I have what it takes to run my own business?”

I remember once complaining about the stress of running my business to an elder entrepreneur. He waved at me like he was swatting a fly and said, “Son, if it was easy, everybody would do it. Now suck it up and move on.”

Suck it up and move on… probably the best business advice I’ve ever gotten. No fortune cookie was ever so on the money.

My mentor’s eloquent point was this: running a business is never easy and always stressful, but that’s what makes it so dang exciting. Running a business is like walking a tight rope… backward… with your eyes shut… and your pants on fire… Man, sure beats working for a living, huh.

Steven, it sounds to me like you’re having what I call a “garbage truck moment.” That’s when the pressure of running your business starts getting to you and you begin to question whether the entrepreneurial life is right for you. The debts are mounting, your staff is shrinking (or growing), you get that nauseous feeling in the pit of your stomach and you find yourself longing for the apparent simplicity of driving a garbage truck.

Note to garbage truck drivers: save your hate mail, boys. I know you work very hard and I respect what you do. Without you the world would be a very different, very smelly place, indeed.

What’s happening to you, Steven, has happened to us all. The stress is causing you to doubt not only your decision to start your own business, but your ability to run it, as well. There’s no magic bullet for dealing with stress and you certainly can’t eliminate it totally, so you must learn to handle it.

I believe the key to handling stress is to first identify the source of the stress, then formulate a plan to deal with it.

Here’s what I do. Take a pencil and paper and list all the things that are causing you stress. For each item listed ask yourself: Is there anything I can do about this? Is there anything I can do to change this from being a point of stress to a point of accomplishment? In other words, is this something I have control over?

Stressing over things you can’t control is a total waste of time. Tell yourself that you’re burning brain cells in vain and mark that item off your list. Some people don’t have this ability. Some people are just natural born worriers who are not happy unless they have something to worry about. They revel in worry. They work in worry like a great artist works in paint. Even when things are going great they worry that the sky is about to fall. If you are a natural born worrier, Steven, nothing I say will help you handle stress.

Great, now you have something else to worry about.

Next , determine if each point of stress is something that has happened in the past, is currently happening, or has not yet - or may never - happen. If the stress point is the past, there’s not much you can do but attempt to rectify the situation causing the stress. If it’s a current problem, formulate a plan to deal with the problem and eliminate the stress it’s causing. And if you’re stressing over things that may never happen, remember what Mark Twain said: “I am an old man and have known a great many troubles, but most of them never happened.”

Finally, Steven, it’s important to remember that working for someone else can be just as stressful as working for yourself. Sure, you don’t have the stress (and responsibility) associated with running a business, but you will have other stresses that can be far worse; like impossible work deadlines, sales quotas you can’t meet, a boss that learned his management skills on a chain gang, coworkers who don’t pull their own weight, possible layoffs, etc.

Very few things in life are without stress. Just ask any garbage truck driver.

Here’s to your success!

Tim Knox

Small Business Q&A is written by veteran entrepreneur and syndicated columnist, Tim Knox. Tim serves as the president and CEO of three successful technology companies and is the founder of DropshipWholesale.net, an online organization dedicated to the success of online and eBay entrepreneurs.

Related Links:
http://www.prosperityandprofits.com
http://www.smallbusinessqa.com
http://www.dropshipwholesale.net

Metrology is an important term to understand, but it is a term that is widely used to mean a number of things. In basic form, metrology is the science of measurement. What this tells us, though, is that measurement is far from a perfect solution. In many cases, people will cause there to be a small amount of error in any measurement that is taken. In metrology, this is examined and explored fully.

An example that you may be able to relate to if you do not have any understanding of metrology is quite simple. If you need to measure a length of wood you would think that there is only one right answer as to how much wood is there. But, in fact, this is not a perfect answer. For example, you measured that wood using a piece of string. Then, the next person measured it as well. Why would the two units be different? Depending on the way the individual held the string including how taut the string was pulled will affect the overall outcome of the measurement.

Metrology goes far beyond that though. It studies many types of measurements. It studies not only length as in the example above but also such measurements as weight and time. Each and every one of these elements can be studied in various manners as well. In metrology, there are set standards that are set for measurement qualities to determine what the typical measurement is. In many cases, they will also have a well thought out plan as to how much of a degree of error there is as well in each measurement.

There are various answers to questions about metrology because, in many cases, each theory can be right. Metrology goes back thousands of years to early civilization and was present well before the aspects of science as well. Metrology can be fully explored throughout the web.

for more information please see http://www.metrology-shack.co.uk

An intercom is an electronic communication system that is commonly found in hospitals, schools, offices and other large buildings, in ships and liners, and even in homes. With just a push of a button, an intercom system enables people in different rooms to communicate with each other in an instant.

The intercom is now becoming a popular component not only of workplaces but also of every household. Keep in mind that the right knowledge and proper caution is important, and the guidelines below will help you in finding the perfect intercom that best suits your needs.

1. Set your budget. The first important thing to do before shopping for an intercom system is to set your budget limit. The type, make, brand, and features of an intercom system will largely depend on the amount that you are willing to spend on it.

2. Know the basics. Different brands may have different systems, but their basic components are essentially the same. In general, an intercom has the following basic parts:

*The master station - also known as the central control panel, this is the unit that controls the system.

*The sub-stations/door stations - also known as the speakers or slave units, these are connected to the control panel.

*The power supply - this feeds power to all the units in order to make them function.

3. Determine the range that you want. Different intercom systems have varying ranges, with some even reaching almost 1,000 feet (or 304.8 meters).

Choosing the range of your intercom system depends on their use and purpose, which can vary from room to room, floor to floor, and even as far as from one building to another.

In general, intercoms are usually used for the following purposes:

*To connect different rooms.

*To connect rooms to a central office.

*To broadcast announcements/as a public address system.

*To function as a ‘bell’, especially at schools (to signal the change of classes) and at home (connected to a door buzzer).

4. Check its compatibility with your home (or building) structure. The ability of the intercom system to deliver a good sound quality depends on the structure of your home (or building). Obstacles, such as metal walls, may interfere with the signals and prevent your intercom system from producing a clear sound.

5. Choose the desired type of intercom system. Intercom systems can either be hard-wired or wireless.

*Hard-wired or traditional intercom systems - these require wires to connect the entire system that is installed throughout your home (or building). Although they provide minimum interference and/or restrictions, hard-wired intercoms can be expensive to install (even far more expensive than the actual cost of the units themselves). They can also prove to be less convenient, with all the wires running throughout the walls and ceilings.

*Wireless intercom systems - these units may be more costly than the traditional, hard-wired ones, but they have the advantage of requiring simple installation: just plug them to a power source, and you’re all set!

6. Determine the power supply to be used. Intercom systems can perform with either of the following power sources:

*An AC power outlet (or a 12 volts DC power supply)

*Batteries (needs regular replacement)

7. Check the product’s warranty. In a way, the length of an intercom’s warranty, including the extent of its coverage, reflects the manufacturer’s confidence in their particular product. Make sure that you understand the clauses and provisions that are stated in the warranty certificate, and that they are backed not only by the manufacturer but the local dealer (or dealers) as well.

8. Transact business with experienced dealers that are known for their reputation. They will not only provide you with several possible options but also actually help you in choosing the best intercom that would give the best value for your money. It is also strongly recommended that you deal with certified and accredited dealers and manufacturers that have been in business for a considerable length of time, who not only offer clear warranty considerations but also extensive after-sales support.

By following the guidelines that are mentioned above, shopping for a perfect intercom will surely be an easy task for you - allowing you to enjoy the many benefits of a good intercom system minus the worries and frustrations. Happy hunting!

For more great intercom information and resources check out: www.intercomhq.info

G’day ladies and gentlemen,

This is Sorna Devadas here, writing my first article for the Internet. I have personally designed and developed around 15 websites for paying customers that have all been thrilled with the results and now I’m learning how to build my own websites that make money for me You may have read alot about affiliate marketing and building websites that make you money while you sleep. There are so many strategies that you’ll hear bits and pieces about so here’s one concept that stuck with me, as I read more into this fertile opportunity, the basic sales process. When attracting visitors to your website, some will make a purchase and some will leave without buying. The two things we want to watch are the number of people visiting and the number of those visitors making a purchase.

This percentage is the Conversion Rate and the dollar value is the Sales Per Visitor Rate (SPV). To calculate the sales per visitor rate, take the value of the sales you made for a given time period and divide it by the number of sales you made for that period.

For example, in the last 12 months you may have made 550 thousand dollars worth of sales and had 300 thousand visitors. The SPV is then $1.83.

By increasing the number of visitors alone you will increase your profits and by increasing the sales per visitor rate alone, you’ll also increase profits. By increasing both of these as time goes on, your website will become more and more profitable. Typically you can expect between 1 and 10 of every 100 visitors (Conversion Rate between 1 and 10%) to buy something and for those that don’t buy, try to obtain their email address so that you can contact them later with more offers. This is another powerful concept called the signup rate. Signup rates vary between 10 and 33%. Any less than 10% needs work, any more than 33% is fantastic!

I hope you found my first article useful. All the best with your online success.

Born in Lithgow, Australia, I completed a Bachelor of Computer Engineering Degree from the University of Western Sydney in 2001. I established Futurcom International, a website design and development business that has built over 15 websites from simple to complex in nature. I’m now focussing on building my own online enterprises and am starting with affiliate marketing websites.

To find out more about how to increase your SPV and for more powerful concepts, visit http://www.internetprofitmentor.com Here I found a wealth of useful and free information with over 12 hours of video and a 120 page e-book. There’s also a comprehensive free course, a rare jewel amongst lots of expensive courses around.

Losing weight is a battle, a struggle, a pain, right? That’s most people’s experience whatever diet they follow.

And nearly everyone finds keeping the weight off is even harder.

There’s no doubt about it, the majority of diet and fitness regimes are hardly a bed of roses. And those pills, patches and potions, which are supposed to make it easy, are either dangerous or don’t do what they promise.

So how CAN you make this easier?

The answer lies in your routines.

What you habitually do shapes you - quite literally. If you habitually go without breakfast and stuff your face at 11am with cookies because you’re starving, you’ll end up with one kind of body. If you habitually have a yogurt and fruit on waking and take an apple to eat at 11am (when you’ll still be starving) you end up with another kind.

If you habitually walk everywhere your shape is likely to be different than if you jump in the car to go a mile down the road.

Routines are just patterns of behaviour. Things we feel comfortable doing once we get used to them. We don’t even have to think about them. They’re easy for us - automatic.

The answer to easier weight loss AND KEEPING IT OFF then , is in adopting the right routines and habits so that we don’t even have to think - we just do whatever is good for our shape - automatically.

The skill is in moving from one set of routines (the kind that keep you overweight) to another - the kind that will result in weight loss and then weight maintenance for the rest of your life.

An all-out drastic lifestyle change rarely works, but if you gently change your habits and build them gradually, taking on changes that you are happy to live with for life, then you WILL find a permanent automatic solution to your weight problems.

What routines are you following today? What small changes could you make which would be your first steps to permanent natural weight loss?

Now it’s time to take action and change your habits step by step to lose that weight!

Copyright 2005, Janice Elizabeth Small

Janice Elizabeth is a weight loss coach, slimming club owner and author of “The Diet Exit Plan”, an 8 week coaching program for automatic permanent weight loss. Get her FREE 15 page report “How to lose weight without dieting - 7 secrets the diet industry doesn’t want you to know” at http://www.SimplySlimming.com TODAY!

Setting consulting fees and hourly rates for a new consultant can be a challenging process. If you set the hourly rate too high, you won’t get business, set the hourly rate to low and you’ll not make money.

There are several factors that determine the correct hourly rate for flat consulting fee. The most important is quite simply, how much do you need? There is a formula for setting this rate and you’ll be surprised how closely the result parallels what others charge.

X = hourly consulting rate

To find X

X=y+H+M+P+F

How do we find X?

First we need to define a few constants. We’ll start with our base rate which is Y.

A= is the salary you desire
B= the number of hours you can realistically bill in one year.

To define the base rate (Y) A/B
So for example if you desire a salary of $80,000 per year and you can bill 1500 hours as an IT consultant you are left e rate of $53 per hour. This is not your base rate, you still have one more calculation.

Next we have to add in the self employment tax. This is the tax for Social Security and Medicare for a self employed or small business owner. This rate is 15.3% Add this to the $53 (53 * .153)

Now we have a base hourly rate (Y) of $61.

At this point many independent consultants set their rate and hang up the shingle. This is why many of them are out of business within a year or two. You must consider all of the other things you’ll need that your employer paid on your behalf, and money to grow your business.

H = Health insurance costs

The first and most costly is health insurance. If you have a family of four you can count on at least $500 per month. Health insurance for self employed can be very expensive. Check with several brokers do get the best price and then divide the total yearly cost by the number of hours you will bill. Taking a rate of $500 per month, or $6,000 per year, at 1500 hours your rate will need to increase by $4 per hour to cover health insurance.

M= Marketing and sales costs

For an independent consultant your business is only as strong as your next engagement. We recommend a minimum of 5% of your first year estimated sales to keep the pump primed. $2.6 would be our hourly rate at this salary.

P= Professional fees.

This is the cost for your accountant, attorney fees, answering service, and any other monthly or quarterly fees you’ll need to pay throughout the course of the year. We’ll use a figure of $2400 for this example, so P= $1.6 ($2400/1500 hours)

F=Fudge factor.

The fudge factor is the small things that are going to come up from time to time. Stamps to mail out invoices, a one time cost for your accounting software (QuickBooks, or Microsoft money) and the dozens of other items that pop up from time to time. As your business grows the F factor will have other expenses like rent, and overhead for non-billing employees, extracted and divided by the number of employees and the number of hours worked. For now just use your best guess. If you need starting point $200 per month is not unreasonable. F=$1.6

Now we can figure out X

X=$61+$4+2.6+$1.6+$1.6

Or an hourly consulting rate of $71

Eric Gurr is the president and CEO of Intralink. An Cincinnati Ohio based technology/management consulting business since 1994.
He is also a contributing editor at http://www.smbresource.com

If you can use more new targeted traffic to your site, and I mean TONS of new hungry visitors crawling all over your site, I’ve got great news for you.

Now there’s a powerful, inexpensive new way to bring in all the sales, leads, customers and dollars you’ll ever need.

The kind of business that will rocket your sales right off the charts.

If you’ve been looking for a quick and easy way to get your website noticed by your niche, this article will tell you all about the MOST effective tactic that exists for a long long time, but ONLY used by elite few.

I agree, getting traffic to your site is really expensive these days.

And if you are in a highly competitive niche, the cost per visitor in pay per click search engines is pumping up day by day.

It’s just not affordable to sit and wait for the traffic to pour into your site. You’ve to kick yourself and do something right, to see the traffic rolling in.

So what to do ? I hear you saying. Stick this ‘word’ in your mind if at all you’re even least interested in getting ALL the FREE traffic you want for your site.

And the ‘traffic-generating’ word is “CONTENT”.

If you’ve been online for some time, I bet you’ve heard…

“Content is the KING” - And that’s absolutely right.

Creating content can get you traffic in a number of ways…

1. You can write an article of around 600 words in your niche. Stick your resource box or an ad below your article and submit them all around the net. This will get you truckloads of FREE traffic beyond your expectations.

2. Content on your website acts as a search engine bait.

3. Content in your newsletter drives repeat visitors to your site.

4. Your content can be used to create…

* Viral ebooks

* Reports

* Articles

* Mini-eBooks

All these can be used as a free bait to motivate your visitors to signup in your list.

5. You can use your content in the form of ecourse and thus establish your credibility in the eyes of your subscribers.

6. Content in your blog gets search engines to spider your site again and again.

7. You can even exchange your content with other sites and thus increase your link popularity.

8. Content will also get you high search engine rankings, increase your page rank in Google and boost up incoming links to your site.

You just can’t get a better deal, all for FREE.

Now you’re aware about the costly truth of website traffic and what you need to do to convert your site into a traffic magnet, starting TODAY.

Murtuza Abbas specializes in creating simple ‘Profit Pulling Minisites’.

Create amazing Minisites in 3 Hours or Less. Grab your FREE $147 ‘Minisite Creation Pack’ & learn how to start an internet business today…

http://www.7DaysToEarn.com

When evaluating a data center to support your business much of your focus is on bandwidth, reliability, QoS, and so forth. But there’s much more to consider in order to make a smart decision. Over look it…and you’re liable to make a big mistake.

The Building Security….

You want to see a building that has quality security systems and staff. I want to see some form of man trap with some type of biometric or scanned ID card system at any entrance to the building. This prevents just anyone from walking in any door. After the man traps I want to see a 24/7 security guard and some type of video camera system. In the better facilities, when you get on the elevator you have to do another swipe of your card again just to get to your floor. This is good security, it stops someone who is not authorized to be on your floor or area from getting off where they have no business. Once you are on your floor you should look to see if it has video cameras that cover the entire floor. You may need to have your card scanned once more or have another form of checked access. After that you want to make sure your racks or caged area has a secure lock. In one of our data centers you have to go through 6 security scans of one kind or another plus a guard an then a lock on the cage space and the cabinets to get to your servers. You will be also covered by cameras from the second you enter the building to the time you leave. Is this to much? No not at all. When you are dealing with either customer data or customer equipment you must show that you are providing the best possible security. One of our largest clients is a medical facility. We were told we got the contract to host 30 servers for them because we had the best physical security. I don’t care what data center you are in they should have a minimum of 2 security/ID scans, 24 hour video and at least one 24/7 security person, A tech is not a security person.

Power System….

Initial Power: In the ideal situation the data center should be connected to 2 city power grids with multiple entry points from each grid to the building. This usually only happens in major cities in downtown districts where there is the normal power distributed to the area plus an additional power grid that is meant to support emergency services such as government or medical facilities. Even if the data center is only on a single power grid, which is most common, you want to make sure it has multiple entry points for power. I’ve seen several data centers that if a truck ran in to the wrong pole, or a fire started or a construction accident occurred in the underground pipes, the entire datacenter would be without power for a number of days because it was only routed one way.

The power distribution panel(s) need to be clearly marked and ID’d. Ideally the data centers network equipment will be separate from the client’s equipment. Each rack should have 1 or 2 breakers that are exclusive to that rack. General electrical outlets or public outlets should not be on the same distribution panels as networks or servers.

Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)….

The transfer switch senses when utility power is interrupted, and starts up the generator if the utility power remains absent. In about five to ten seconds, when the generator is producing full power, the transfer switch disconnects the load from the utility and connects it to the generator, restoring electricity to the load. The transfer switch continues to monitor utility power, and when it is restored, switches the load from the generator back to the utility. Once the generator is disconnected, it goes through a cool-down routine and is automatically shut down.

Transfer switch types include open transition, momentary closed transition, and bypass isolation

Open transition transfer switches are the simplest kind, and are mechanically interlocked. They disconnect the load from one power source before making the connection to the other.

Closed transition transfer switches (CTTS) eliminate momentary power interruption when both sources are present and synchronized, by transferring the loads with an overlapping contact arrangement. The momentary closed transition switch transfers the power within one hundred milliseconds, which does not require utility protective relaying.

The soft load closed transition switch extends the overlap time to multiple seconds, for a smoother transition of load to the generator. These switches are available in 100 to 2600 amp configurations.

The better brands are Caterpillar, ASCO, MGE and Hubble

Generators….

If a datacenter doesn’t have its own generators and fuel storage don’t host there. It’s that simple. The generator should be able to handle at least 125% of the load for a minimum of 24 hours without being refueled. A really great data center will have multiple generators. One of our data centers has an individual generator for each floor and two backups. The building can route power from any generator to any location in the building and they can transfer fuel from any generator to another.

One thing you want to do and see for yourself is that they test the generator system. I’m not talking about just starting it on but that they actually put part of the data center load on the generator. I’ve asked about a dozen of the data centers we’ve looked at to allow me to be there when they did their “weekly” test of the system. It was funny how they hemmed and hawed and came up with excuses why I couldn’t be there to see the system tested. If they won’t let you watch them go through their testing it should tell you they are probably not doing more than just starting the generator and hoping the rest works in an emergency. That’s just not good enough to tell you if the generator system is really working or not.

PDU/UPS….

Every cabinet should have its own PDU. It should run a minimum of 10 minutes with a full load. It can often take generators or other systems a full 10 minutes to come on line. Ask to see the batteries of the PDU. The terminals or poles should be clean and without any corrosion or other stuff on them. Most batteries these days have dates stamped on them. Make sure they are no older than 2 years old. Ask the data center how often the replace or update their battery farm. PDUs should also provide on-line power conditioning, with a wide input supply range that reduces battery over-usage, surge protection, EMI/RFI filtering, and harmonics attenuation The better brands are Liebert, MGE and Powerlink.

Power Monitoring….

A good data center has some form of dedicated power monitoring system. The system should monitor the status of an SNMP-equipped UPS system over a standard Ethernet network. Additionally, the software should be programmed to automatically shut down network loads upon power failure, and even send alerts to notify personnel of power problems. It should also be possible to remotely control specific UPS output receptacles on single-phase UPS systems. The better systems will provide audio alerts, emails and SMS messaging

Remember to include the above factors in your data center evaluation checklist…and you’re more likely to make a choice that makes good business sense.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire
Communications….including Business-VoIP-Solution and
DS3-Bandwidth.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you’re always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, and insights.